资源类型

期刊论文 264

会议视频 4

年份

2024 1

2023 21

2022 26

2021 23

2020 20

2019 19

2018 11

2017 20

2016 11

2015 14

2014 9

2013 8

2012 14

2011 3

2010 9

2009 6

2008 11

2007 13

2006 5

2005 4

展开 ︾

关键词

优化 2

农业 2

灌溉 2

热效率 2

环境 2

节水灌溉 2

2035 1

60 GHz；天线阵列；线极化；圆极化；毫米波 1

Au/Ti双功能催化剂 1

BFT 1

COVID-19 1

Cu(Inx 1

DNA组装 1

EFP 1

Ga1–x)Se2 1

H2O/CO2共电解 1

H2有效利用率 1

IKPCA 1

KPCA 1

展开 ︾

检索范围：

排序： 展示方式：

The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiency

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 185-194 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017149

摘要： This paper explores the effect of varying agricultural management practices on different water efficiency indicators: irrigation efficiency (IE), crop water use efficiency (WUE), and green and blue water footprint (WF). We take winter wheat in an experimental field in Northern China as a case study and consider a dry, average and wet year. We conducted 24 modeling experiments with the AquaCrop model, for all possible combinations of four irrigation techniques, two irrigation strategies and three mulching methods. Results show that deficit irrigation most effectively improved blue water use, by increasing IE (by 5%) and reducing blue WF (by 38%), however with an average 9% yield reduction. Organic or synthetic mulching practices improved WUE (by 4% and 10%, respectively) and reduced blue WF (by 8% and 17%, respectively), with the same yield level. Drip and subsurface drip irrigation improved IE and WUE, but drip irrigation had a relatively large blue WF. Improvements in one water efficiency indicator may cause a decline in another. In particular, WUE can be improved by more irrigation at the cost of the blue WF. Furthermore, increasing IE, for instance by installing drip irrigation, does not necessarily reduce the blue WF.

关键词： field management     irrigation efficiency     water footprint     water productivity     water use efficiency    

HTML PDF 收藏

Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under differentirrigation rates in an arid region

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 155-164 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017148

摘要： Antitranspirants are exogenous substances applied to leaves to reduce luxury transpiration by regulating stomatal conductance to increase water use efficiency (WUE). A cheap and environmentally-friendly antitranspirant, FZ, was newly developed, extracted mainly from . Its effects on soybean water use were investigated in a field experiment using the locally-used irrigation rate and a low irrigation rate (The lower and upper limit of irrigation is 40%–70% of field capacity). Foliar application of FZ and measurement of leaf physiological characteristics, final biomass, seed yield and water use efficiency were carried out during the pod bearing and pod filling stages of drip-irrigated soybean with film-mulching. Under the low irrigation rate, leaf stomatal conductance (g ) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased significantly by 7 d after spraying, but photosynthesis (Pn) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE ) were not significantly affec ted. The stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture, g , Tr and Pn decreased by 1 d after spraying, without significantly increasing WUE . However, applying FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages did not significantly affect the final biomass, water consumption, seed yield and WUE of soybean. Under the locally-used irrigation rate, applying FZ increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the leaves by 38% and 33%, respectively, but did not significantly affect g , Tr, Pn, stomatal aperture and stomatal frequency. Applying FZ three times during pod bearing and pod filling stages enhanced seed yield and WUE by 24% and 21%, respectively, but did not significantly affect the final biomass and water consumption. Therefore, seed yield and WUE of soybean were significantly increased by foliar application of FZ during the pod bearing and pod filling stages under the locally-used irrigation rate in arid region, but applying FZ did not have a positive effect on water use efficiency of soybean under a low irrigation rate.

关键词： antitranspirant     soybean     water deficit     leaf gas exchange     enzymes activities     water consumption     seed yield    

HTML PDF 收藏

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high irrigation frequency improves root growth and reduces

Shaoqing DU, Ling TONG, Shaozhong KANG, Fusheng LI, Taisheng DU, Sien LI, Risheng DING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 188-196 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017176

摘要： Alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) can improve water use efficiency in arid areas. However, the effectiveness and outcomes of different frequencies of APRI on water uptake capacity and physiological water use have not been reported. A two-year field experiment was conducted with two irrigation amounts (400 and 500 mm) and three irrigation methods (conventional irrigation, APRI with high and low frequencies). Root length density, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water use efficiency, midday stem and leaf water potentials were measured. The results show that in comparison with conventional irrigation, APRI with high frequency significantly increased root length density and decreased water potentials and stomatal conductance. No differences in the above indicators between the two APRI frequencies were detected. A significantly positive relationship between stomatal conductance and root length density was found under APRI. Overall, alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high frequency has a great potential to promote root growth, expand water uptake capacity and reduce unproductive water loss in the arid apple production area.

关键词： alternate partial root-zone irrigation     apple tree     leaf water use efficiency     root length density     stomatal conductance     water potential    

HTML PDF 收藏

A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 195-207 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017153

摘要： Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This paper adopted an input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method with the assumption of variable returns to scale to evaluate agricultural production efficiency of 100 major irrigation districts in Northwest China in 2010. Major findings of this paper were as follows: firstly, the average value of total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of those irrigation districts in Northwest China were 0.770, 0.825 and 0.931, respectively; secondly, 30% of irrigation districts were technically efficient, while 42% and 32% of them showed pure technical and scale efficiency respectively. Among inefficient decision-making units, total technical efficiency score varied from 0.313 to 0.966, showing significant geographical differences, but geographical differences of pure technical efficiency was more consistent with that of total technical efficiency; thirdly, input redundancy was evident. Inputs of agricultural population, irrigation area, green water, blue water, consumption of fertilizer and agricultural machinery could be reduced by 34.88%, 40.19%, 43.85%, 47.10%, 41.53% and 42.21% respectively without reducing agricultural outputs. Furthermore, irrigation area, green water and blue water had relatively high slack movement though Northwest China which is short of water resources. Based on these results, this paper drew the following conclusions: First, there is huge potential for Northwest China to improve its agricultural production efficiency, and agro-technology not input scale had greater influence on improvement. Second, farmers needed proper guidance in order to reduce agricultural inputs and it is time to centralize agricultural management for overall agricultural inputs regulation and control.

关键词： agricultural production efficiency     DEA model     input redundancy     irrigation districts     Northwest Arid Areas in China    

HTML PDF 收藏

Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 25-33 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016090

摘要： Reducing irrigation water use by improving water use efficiency (WUE) in grain production is critical for the development of sustainable agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP). This article summarizes the research progresses in WUE improvement carried out at the Luancheng station located in the Northern part of NCP for the past three decades. Progresses in four aspects of yield and WUE improvement are presented, including yield and WUE improvement associated with cultivar selection, irrigation management for improving yield and WUE under limited water supply, managing root system for efficient soil water use and reducing soil evaporation by straw mulch. The results showed that annual average increase of 0.014 kg·m for winter wheat and 0.02 kg·m in WUE were observed for the past three decades, and this increase was largely associated with the improvement in harvest index related to cultivar renewal and an increase in chemical fertilizer use and soil fertility. The results also indicated that deficit irrigation for winter wheat could significantly reduce the irrigation water use, whereas the seasonal yield showed a smaller reduction rate and WUE was significantly improved. Straw mulching of summer maize using the straw from winter wheat could reduce seasonal soil evaporation by 30–40 mm. With new cultivars and improved management practices it was possible to further increase grain production without much increase in water use. Future strategies to further improve WUE are also discussed.

关键词： harvest index     cultivar selection     deficit irrigation     root water uptake     straw mulching    

HTML PDF 收藏

采用水肥一体化技术统筹工农业协调发展

安 迪,王亭杰,金 涌

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第5期   页码 120-125

摘要：

我国化肥利用率低，面源污染严重，同时农业耗水量大，水资源短缺问题突出。本文提出一种以水肥一体化滴灌技术为核心的高效设施农业发展方式。通过滴灌技术可以实现养分和水对作物的定量供应，提高化肥利用率并提高灌溉用水效率和作物产量；将过滤后的沼肥沼液与滴灌相结合，可将畜禽粪便和农作物秸秆变废为宝，改善农村生态环境；工业上排放的CO2经过无害化处理后，可通入附近的温室大棚，为作物提供碳源；应用和推广水肥一体化滴灌技术，能够拉动聚氯乙烯（PVC）的需求，消化部分PVC的过剩产能，进而拉动氯碱行业。通过滴灌设备租赁、废旧设备回收环节，完善整个产业链条，统筹协调工业农业平衡发展。

关键词： 化肥；节水；利用率；滴灌；PVC    

HTML PDF 收藏

当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第9期   页码 24-30

摘要：

我国灌区的建设与管理中仍然存在着“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，这是长期投入不合理和传统的管理体制所造成的。文章指出在进行大型灌区续建配套与节水改造的过程中，应以建设节水高效灌溉农业为目标，采取国家加大投资力度并调整投资分担比例，进行管理体制的改革，推广科学灌溉并提高用水效率等有力措施，以改变“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，使我国灌溉农业得以可持续发展。

关键词： 灌溉     排水     盐碱化     农业     节水高效    

HTML PDF 收藏

我国典型作物用水特征及现代农业灌溉技术模式

张宝忠, 彭致功, 雷波, 杜丽娟, 王蕾, 刘钰

《中国工程科学》 2018年 第20卷 第5期   页码 77-83 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.012

摘要：

理清农作物用水特征、灌溉技术模式、现代农业灌溉体系等问题，对提高农业用水效率和实现农业水资源持续利用具有重要现实意义。本文以我国综合农业分区为基础，重点以黄淮海小麦产区、东北水稻产区、长江中下游水稻产区、四川盆地水稻产区、内蒙古东部牧区、广西甘蔗产区及新疆棉花产区等为主要分区，分析了典型作物的灌溉制度特点与规律，筛选出优化技术模式，同时提出了现代农业灌溉的技术特点及政策保障体系。主要结论如下：①对各综合农业分区主要作物采用优化灌溉制度，保证作物缺水敏感期水分供应，节约灌溉水量，稳产同时提高水分生产率；②针对各综合分区特点及限制因素，筛选出先进节水技术模式并推广应用，确保优化灌溉制度精准实施，实现了区域农业综合生产能力提高；③为适应和支撑现代农业生产和经营体系，提出了基于信息技术的现代灌溉技术及其相应的融资机制、水权管理机制等政策保障体系。

关键词： 灌溉需水量     用水效率     技术模式     现代农业    

HTML PDF 收藏

水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响

茆智

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第7期   页码 8-16

摘要：

水稻是中国最主要的粮食作物之一，其产量约占粮食作物总产量的40%；在全国约11×108hm2的粮食作物总面积中，稻田面积约占28%。20世纪80年代以来，水稻产区的水资源短缺已成为当地农业生产中的重要问题，各地试验、开发、应用与推广了许多种水稻节水灌溉模式。文章根据这些新的水稻灌溉模式试验结果与推广经验，将我国水稻节水灌溉主要模式归纳为浅、湿、晒结合，间歇淹水，半旱栽培和蓄雨型等4类。阐述了这些模式的田间水分控制标准以及节水、增产和提高水分生产率的潜力；提出了该4类模式的选择原则以及应用这些模式时应注意的问题；分析、讨论了推广这些模式能够持续节水与提高水分生产率的机理以及对环境的影响。

关键词： 水稻     节水灌溉     灌溉模式     节水潜力     环境影响    

HTML PDF 收藏

Influence of sprinkler irrigation droplet diameter, application intensity and specific power on flower

Yisheng ZHANG, Delan ZHU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 165-171 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017145

摘要： To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducted. The influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of <1% represents a safe irrigation level, 1%–3% slight damage level, 3%–6% moderate damage level, and>6% heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity, specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and 1.64 mm·h and the specific power was 0.467×10 , 9.340×10 and 3.110×10 W·m . These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.

关键词： application intensity     damage     floriculture     flowers     specific power     sprinkler irrigation    

HTML PDF 收藏

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第1期   页码 55-64 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016091

摘要： Scientific irrigation and nitrogen management is important for agricultural production in arid areas. To quantify the effect of water and nitrogen management on yield components, biomass partitioning and harvest index ( ) of maize for seed production with plastic film-mulching, field experiments including different irrigation and N treatments were conducted in arid north-west China in 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that kernel number per plant ( ) was significantly affected by irrigation and N treatments. However, 100-kernel weight was relatively stable. Reducing irrigation quantity significantly increased stem partitioning index ( ) and leaf partitioning index ( ), and decreased ear partitioning index ( ) at harvest, but lowering N rate (from 500 to 100 kg N·hm ) did not significantly reduce , , and at harvest. was significantly reduced by reducing irrigation quantity, but not by reducing N rate. Linear relationships were found between , , , at harvest and and evapotranspiration ( ).

关键词： yield components     biomass partitioning     harvest index     irrigation     nitrogen     maize for seed production    

HTML PDF 收藏

PLANT DENSITY, IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020355

摘要：

Agriculture faces the dual challenges of food security and environmental sustainability. Here, we investigate current maize production at the field scale, analyze the yield gaps and impacting factors, and recommend measures for sustainably closing yield gaps. An experiment was conducted on a 3.9-ha maize seed production field in arid north-western China, managed with border and drip irrigation, respectively, in 2015 and 2016. The relative yield reached 70% in both years. However, drip irrigation saved 227 mm irrigation water during a drier growing season compared with traditional border irrigation, accounting for 44% of the maize evapotranspiration (ET). Yield variability under drip irrigation was 12.1%, lower than the 18.8% under border irrigation. Boundary line analysis indicates that a relative yield increase of 8% to 10% might be obtained by optimizing the yield-limiting factors. Plant density and soil available water content and available nitrogen were the three major factors involved. In conclusion, closing yield gaps with agricultural sustainability may be realized by optimizing agronomic, irrigation and fertilizer management, using water-saving irrigation methods and using site-specific management.

 

关键词： boundary line analysis     irrigation method     precision agriculture     spatial variability     yield gaps     yield-limiting factors    

HTML PDF 收藏

实时灌溉预报

茆智,李远华,李会昌

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第5期   页码 24-33

摘要：

实时灌溉预报是制定动态灌溉用水计划的基础，对灌区节水，增加作物产量和提高经济效益起着重要作用。其重点与难点内容是作物需水量实时预报。国内外已有的作物需水量预报方法与模型，是建立在历史典型水文年资料基础之上的，无法用于实时预报。文章分析了作物需水量与气象条件和非气象条件（主要是植物条件以及土壤条件）之间的关系，提出了根据天气类型、作物绿叶覆盖率和土壤有效含水率3项因素进行作物需水量实时预报的方法与模型，介绍了具体的预报步骤与计算框图，改进了常规的预报方法，主要是用预报的天气类型（晴、昙、阴、雨）代替修正彭曼法中所需的气温、空气湿度、日照时数与风速4项气象因素，用绿叶覆盖率代替叶面积指数，并提出了新的计算土壤水分修正系数的数学模型。

关键词： 灌溉     实时预报     作物需水量     灌溉制度    

HTML PDF 收藏

Influence of the sewage irrigation on the agricultural soil properties in Tongliao City, China

Hong YAO, Shichao ZHANG, Xiaobo XUE, Jie YANG, Kelin HU, Xiaohua YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 273-280 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0497-0

摘要： Increasing shortages of fresh water has led to greater use of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops. This study evaluates the spatial variability of soil properties after irrigation with wastewater and freshwater. Geostatistical techniques were used to identify the variability of soil properties at the different sites. A set of physical and chemical soil properties were measured including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM) and soil moisture. The TN concentration levels varied from 567 to 700 mg·kg , while OC levels ranged from 7.3 to 16.3 mg·kg in wastewater-irrigated zones. The concentration levels of TP were between 371.53 and 402.88 mg·kg for the wastewater-irrigated sites. Wastewater irrigation resulted in higher TN, TP and OM concentrations by 18.4%, 8% and 25%, respectively. The highest TN and OM occurred along the wastewater trunk. It was also observed that nitrogen concentrations correlate with the soil's organic matter. The increase of salinity may be associated with the increase of pH, which might suggest that a reduction of pH will be beneficial for plant growth due to the decrease of salinity. The average concentrations of nitrogen in topsoil were higher than those in subsurface soils in irrigated areas. Such differences of the N profile might be due to variations in organic matter content and microbial populations. Consistent with TN and OM, soil C:N decreased significantly with an increase of depth. This phenomenon possibly reflects a greater degree of breakdown and the older age of humus stored in the deeper soil layers. The analysis of pH levels at different depths for the three sites showed that pH values for wastewater irrigation were slightly lower than the controlled sites at the same depths.

关键词： spatial variability     soil properties     groundwater and sewage irrigation    

HTML PDF 收藏

Restoring soil health to reduce irrigation demand and buffer the impacts of drought

Rebecca SCHNEIDER, Stephen MORREALE, Zhigang LI, Erin MENZIES PLUER, Kirsten KURTZ, Xilu NI, Cuiping WANG, Changxiao LI, Harold VAN ES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 339-346 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020348

摘要：

Irrigation consumes three quarters of global water withdrawals each year. Strategies are needed to reduce irrigation water use, including increasing the efficiency of transfer methods and field application. Comprehensive restoration of soil health, specifically through organic matter amendments, can substantially reduce irrigation demand and increase crop yield. A program to restore severely degraded and desertified soils by incorporating coarse woodchips into the soil successfully increased rainfall capture and elevated soil moisture for several weeks between rainfall events at both Ningxia, north-west China and North Dakota, USA. With addition of fertilizer, woodchip incorporation further increased growth of wheat and alfalfa. Comprehensive soil health assessment of remnant grasslands was used to develop target reference soil profiles by which to guide restoration efforts. Given that most agricultural soils are degraded to some degree, soil health restoration can provide a powerful strategy toward achieving global food and water security.

关键词： drought     irrigation     restoration     soil health     woodchips    

HTML PDF 收藏

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiency

La ZHUO, Arjen Y. HOEKSTRA

期刊论文

Effect of a new antitranspirant on the physiology and water use efficiency of soybean under differentirrigation rates in an arid region

Shasha JI, Ling TONG, Fusheng LI, Hongna LU, Sien LI, Taisheng DU, Youjie WU

期刊论文

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation with high irrigation frequency improves root growth and reduces

Shaoqing DU, Ling TONG, Shaozhong KANG, Fusheng LI, Taisheng DU, Sien LI, Risheng DING

期刊论文

A data envelopment analysis of agricultural technical efficiency of Northwest Arid Areas in China

Yubao WANG, Lijie SHI, Haojie ZHANG, Shikun SUN

期刊论文

Improving water use efficiency in grain production of winter wheat and summer maize in the North China

Xiying ZHANG,Wenli QIN,Juanna XIE

期刊论文

采用水肥一体化技术统筹工农业协调发展

安 迪,王亭杰,金 涌

期刊论文

当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

期刊论文

我国典型作物用水特征及现代农业灌溉技术模式

张宝忠, 彭致功, 雷波, 杜丽娟, 王蕾, 刘钰

期刊论文

水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响

茆智

期刊论文

Influence of sprinkler irrigation droplet diameter, application intensity and specific power on flower

Yisheng ZHANG, Delan ZHU

期刊论文

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on hybrid maize seed production in north-west China

Hui RAN,Shaozhong KANG,Fusheng LI,Ling TONG,Taisheng DU

期刊论文

PLANT DENSITY, IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL

期刊论文

实时灌溉预报

茆智,李远华,李会昌

期刊论文

Influence of the sewage irrigation on the agricultural soil properties in Tongliao City, China

Hong YAO, Shichao ZHANG, Xiaobo XUE, Jie YANG, Kelin HU, Xiaohua YU

期刊论文

Restoring soil health to reduce irrigation demand and buffer the impacts of drought

Rebecca SCHNEIDER, Stephen MORREALE, Zhigang LI, Erin MENZIES PLUER, Kirsten KURTZ, Xilu NI, Cuiping WANG, Changxiao LI, Harold VAN ES

期刊论文